The rings: order out of chaos

The rings of Saturn are composed of trillions of independently moving icy particles. These range in size from that of a speck of dust to a family car. While this might sound like a recipe for chaos, the ring system is relatively stable and beautifully intricate. From its inner edge out to its furthest rim the main ring system spans a staggering 62,000km (38,500 miles). Despite their vast width the rings are, at most, only a few hundred metres thick.

Ringlets

The closer you look, the more rings you see. Cassini's cameras show how the broad main rings are actually made up of thousands of narrower ringlets. This true-colour image also shows the wide gaps separating the main rings.

Image taken on 12 December 2004

Scientist's pick

Alice Wessen

Alice Wessen, Cassini Mission scientist

Role: ‘I manage NASA’s Education and Public Outreach programmes for space missions such as Cassini. It’s a real privilege to share the science and wonder of the Cassini mission with the world.’

Based at: NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, USA

My favourite image (below): ‘This view of Saturn shows the artistry of the science and engineering teams who captured and created such a unique image. The reason this image is my favourite is the glimpse of “home” though the rings of Saturn. All of our world, all of our history and hopes are only a few pixels across.’

Rings of light

Backlit by the Sun, the ring system is displayed in amazing detail, even revealing two previously unknown rings. Also visible in this image, just to the left of the bright inner rings, is a tiny pale blue dot – the Earth.

Image taken on 15 September 2006

Secrets of the rings

Here, false-colour imaging has been used to unravel some of the mysteries of the rings. In the top image different colours have been used to highlight the average sizes of the ring particles, showing how they get larger and smaller across the width of the rings. Below, the colours indicate how closely packed the ring particles are.

Image (top) taken on 3 May 2005
Image (bottom) created from data taken on 9–10 November 2006

Rings and moons

The structure and shape of Saturn’s rings are heavily influenced by the gravity of the planet’s many moons. Some of the smaller moons orbit within the rings themselves. In this image the tiny moon Pan orbits inside the narrow Encke Gap. The moon Prometheus stirs up dark trails and eddies as it sweeps along the inner edge of the distant F-Ring.

Image taken on 15 August 2008

Remote control

Orbiting outside the rings, the larger moons such as Tethys, pictured here, also have a gravitational effect on the ring particles. They help to keep these beautiful structures stable.

Image taken on 29 October 2007