Solar System data

Handy tables of orbits, mass, rotation periods and tilts for the planets and their moons in the Solar System.

The orbits of the planets

Name	Sidereal Period	Perihelion (AU)	Aphelion (AU)	Inclination (degrees)
Mercury	87.97d	0.31	0.47	7.0
Venus	224.70d	0.72	0.73	3.4
Earth	365.26d	0.98	1.02	0.0
Mars	686.98d	1.38	1.67	1.8
Jupiter	11.86y	4.95	5.45	1.3
Saturn	29.46y	9.01	10.07	2.5
Uranus	84.01y	18.28	20.09	0.8
Neptune	164.79y	29.80	30.32	1.8

The Sidereal Period is the time taken by the planet to return to the same place in its orbit, relative to the stars.

Perihelion and Aphelion are the planet's closest and furthest distances from the Sun, measured in Astronomical Units (AU). 1 AU is defined by the average distance from the Earth to the Sun.

The globes of the planets

Name	Equatorial Diameter (km)	Oblateness	Mass (Earth=1)	Rotation Period	Tilt (degrees)
Mercury	4878	0.0	0.06	58.65d	7
Venus	12,100	0.0	0.82	243d	177
Earth	12,756	0.0034	1.00	23.934h	23
Mars	6794	0.005	0.11	24.623h	25
Jupiter	142,800	0.065	317.89	9.842h	3
Saturn	120,000	0.108	95.17	10.233h	27
Uranus	52,400	0.03	14.56	16-28h	98
Neptune	48,400	0.02	17.24	18-20h	30
Pluto	2445	0.0	0.002	6.39d	118?

Oblateness is a measure of how the planet's figure departs from a sphere.

The Rotation Period for each planet is the period relative to the stars. This is slightly different from the period relative to the Sun, which for the Earth we call the day.

For two of the planets, Venus and Uranus, the inclination of the rotation axis is large and the planets (and Uranus's satellites) rotate in the reverse sense to that of their orbits. Otherwise, all the planets, their satellites (and the Sun) rotate and move around the Sun with the same sense of rotation.

Satellites

Planet		Satellite	Mean Distance (103 km)	Mean Period (days)	Diameter (km)
Earth		Moon	384	27.322	3,476
Mars	I	Phobos	9.38	0.319	28, 22, 18
	II	Deimos	23.46	1.262	16, 12, 10
Jupiter	XVI	Metis	127.96	0.295	40
	XV	Adrastea	128.98	0.298	24, 20, 16
	V	Amalthea	181.3	0.498	270, 170, 150
	XIV	Thebe	221.9	0.675	110,90
	I	Io	421.6	1.769	3,652
	II	Europa	670.9	3.551	3,138
	III	Ganymede	1,070	7.155	5,262
	IV	Callisto	1,880	16.689	4,800
	XIII	Leda	11,094	238.7	10
	VI	Himalia	11,480	250.6	180
	X	Lysithia	11,720	259.2	20
	VII	Elara	11,737	259.7	80
	XII	Ananke	21,200	631	20
	XI	Carme	22,600	692	30
	VIII	Pasiphae	23,500	735	40
	IX	Sinope	23,700	758	30
Saturn	XV	Atlas	137.67	0.602	38, 26
	XVI	Prometheus	139.35	0.613	140, 100, 74
	XVII	Pandora	141.70	0.629	110, 84, 66
	X	Janus	151.47	0.695	220, 190, 160
	XI	Epimetheus	151.42	0.694	140, 114, 100
	I	Mimus	185.54	0.942	392
	II	Enceladus	238.04	1.370	500
	III	Tethys	294.67	1.888	1,060
	XIII	Telesto	294.67	1.888	24, 22
	XIV	Calypso	294.67	1.888	30, 24, 16
	IV	Dione	377.42	2.737	1,120
	XII	Helene	377.42	2.737	36,
	V	Rhea	527.04	4.518	1,530
	VI	Titan	1,221.86	15.495	5,150
	VII	Hyperion	1,481.1	21.277	350, 234, 200
	VIII	Iapetus	3561.3	79.331	1,460
	IX	Pheobe	12,954	550.4	220
Uranus	VI	Cordelia	49.8	0.335	15
	VII	Ophelia	53.8	0.376	20
	VIII	Bianca	59.1	0.433	50
	IX	Cressida	61.75	0.463	70
	X	Desdemona	62.7	0.475	50
	XI	Juliet	64.35	0.493	70
	XII	Portia	66.09	0.513	90
	XIII	Rosalind	69.92	0.558	50
	XIV	Belinda	75.3	0.622	50
	XV	Puck	86.01	0.762	170
	V	Miranda	129.4	1.414	480
	I	Ariel	191.0	2.520	1,170
	II	Umbriel	266.3	4.144	1,190
	III	Titania	435.9	8.706	1,560
	IV	Oberon	583.5	13.463	1,550
Neptune	III	Naiad	48.2	0.30	50
	IV	Thalassa	50.0	0.31	90
	V	Despina	52.5	0.33	140
	VI	Galatea	62.0	0.43	160
	VII	Larissa	73.6	0.55	200
	VIII	Proteus	117.6	1.12	420
	I	Triton	354.8	5.877	3,500
	II	Nereid	5,510	360.21	400
Pluto	I	Charon	19.7	6.387

Notes

Apart from the following the orbital planes of all satellites are within 5 degrees of that of their primary.
The Moon is between 18-28 degrees.
Jupiter XIII,VI,X and VII are at about 28 degrees. XII, XI, VIII and IX are at about 150 degrees.
Saturn VIII is at 15 degrees and IX is at 175.
Uranus I is at 159 degrees and II is at 28.
Pluto I is at 99 degrees.
The Rings of Saturn have diameters from 134000km to 480000km. The rings about the other planets are not visible from Earth.
Where several values are given for the diameter, this indicates that the satellite is markedly non-spherical. The numbers represent diameters along perpendicular axes.

The periods given are sidereal periods of rotation about the planet. The mean distances are given in thousands of kilometres.

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