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showing 435 library results for '1850'

The telegraphic life : maintenance of the system 1850-1914 /John Trelawny Brooks Moyle "Htherto, historians have assumed that one a submarine telegraph cable had been laid, it would provide 50 to 70 years of reliable service. As one who has practical experience of engineering in a professional capacity, I found this order of reliability difficult to believe. I therefore set out to try and determine how reliable or otherwise this technology actually was and how it was maintained. These questions had not been asked before and proved more difficult to answer than might have been predicted because much of the information was concealed, deliberately or otherwise, by the cable operating companies. However there were key clues such as the number of cable repair ships afloat and multiple textbooks on cable maintenance. Having unearthed useful data from the archives of the Eastern Telegraph Company (ETC) and of the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company, I conclude that the submarine telegraph cables during the period from the first experimental attempts in 1850 up until the Great War were not as reliable as previously assumed. On average, a voyage to repair these cables was required once per annum per 500 nautical miles of cable and this rate remained constant from 1873, when the ETC was formed, up until 1914, the end of my period of research. During this period the system which was composed of a submarine cable connecting two telegraph stations appeared increasingly reliable and efficient because of improvements in the technology at the cable stations and the duplication of many cables which allowed rerouting of communications when malfunctions occurred. I also conclude that data was concealed by operating companies for commercial reasons. If this concealment had been less, then the genesis of the discipline of reliability engineering in the 9140s might have been developed 50 years earlier"--Provided by the author. 2015 • FOLIO • 2 copies available. 621.394.4:621.315.28
The English East India Company's silk enterprise in Bengal, 1750-1850 : economy, empire and business "This book examines the silk-processing activities of the English East India Company in Bengal and presents the Company as a manufacturer rather than a trading body or political agent. Silk was one of the first globally traded commodities; its luxury status and potential to create tax revenues and employ the poor gave it a strategic importance in many economies in Eurasia. The silk industry was also an important sector in Britain; yet, as raw silk could not be produced domestically, the British government encouraged companies to source supplies from its colonies and the territories under its influence. Such projects proved to be challenging; the most successful was the English East India Company's venture in Bengal, where the Company invested over 1 million into developing raw silk production to meet the demands of British weavers. A key component was the transfer of silk technologies from the West to the East - one of the first in this direction rather than vice versa. The outcome of this enterprise was influenced by the business and management capacities of the Company and by British and, eventually, imperial policies, with serious consequences for the Indian economy. The book ultimately presents a case of manufacturing failure, but one resulting from British imperial policies rather than colonial economies."--Provided by the publisher 2019. • BOOK • 1 copy available. 382:677.3
Slavery hinterland : transatlantic slavery and continental Europe, 1680-1850 /edited by Felix Brahm and ''Slavery Hinterland explores a neglected aspect of transatlantic slavery: the implication of a continental European hinterland. It focuses on historical actors in territories that were not directly involved in the traffic in Africans but linked in various ways with the transatlantic slave business, the plantation economics that it fed and the consequences of its abolition. The volume unearths material entanglements of the Continental and Atlantic economies and also proposes a new agenda for the historical study of the relationship between business and morality. Contributors from the US, Britain and continental Europe examine the ways in which the slave economy touched on individual lives and economic developments in German-speaking Europe, Switzerland, Denmark and Italy. They reveal how these 'hinterlands' served as suppliers of investment, labour and trade goods for the slave trade and of materials for the plantation economies, and how involvement in trade networks contributed in turn to key economic developments in the 'hinterlands'. The chapters range in time from the first, short-lived attempt at establishing a German slave-trading operation in the 1680s to the involvement of textile manufacturers in transatlantic trade in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. A key theme of the volume is the question of conscience, or awareness of being morally implicated in an immoral enterprise. Evidence for subjective understandings of the moral challenge of slavery is found in individual actions and statements and also in post-abolition colonisation and missionary projects.''--Provided by the publisher. 2016. • BOOK • 1 copy available. 306.3/62094