This engraving, after drawings by artist William Hodges, is in John Hawkesworth's account (1773) of the voyages of Captain James Cook, Joseph Banks and Captain John Byron.

Captain James Cook (1728-1779) made three separate voyages to the Pacific (with the ships Endeavour, Resolution, Adventure, and Discovery) and did more than any other voyager to explore the Pacific and Southern Ocean. Cook not only encountered Pacific cultures for the first time, but also assembled the first large-scale collections of Pacific objects to be brought back to Europe. He was killed in Hawaii in 1779.

William Hodges (1744 - 1797) joined Cook's second expedition to the South Pacific as a draughtsman 1772-75 and was employed by the Admiralty in finishing his drawings.

Cook traveled to Vanuatu in July of 1774. Cook's judgment was that the islanders, the Malekulans, were 'the most ugly and ill proportioned people' he ever saw.

In Hawkesworth's account: shortly after Cook had anchored on 22 July, islanders came out to trade in their canoes and four came aboard. Both Cook and Forster commented upon their appearance: they wore no clothes, except a piece of cloth or leaf by which they tied the penis up to the belly. They had wooly short-cropped hair, thick lips, and very dark complexions, and the septum was perforated by a curved stone. Hodges made several studies of the islanders who came aboard. They were 'easily persuaded to sit for their portraits and seemed to have an idea of the representations'.

Hodge's dignified presentation of the Malekulans is quite at variance with the published account, in which Cook describes them as 'ape-like', the most ugly, ill-proportioned people I ever saw,' 'a rather diminutive race; with long heads, flat faces and monkey countenances.' Gerogre Forster left a more sympathetic impression: 'The features of these people, though remarkably irregular and ugly, yet are full of great sprightliness, and express a quick comprehension.'

This is the first of two such engravings. There are three extant drawings by Hodges, all of one man. The earliest version, probably drawn at the time, is now in the Public Archives of Canada. The second version is now in the La Trobe Library, Melbourne. Evidence for this third version, now lost, is contained in what seems to be the preliminary study for it, now in the Department of Prings and Drawings at the British Museum.

Mounted in album with PAI2055-PAI2104, PAI2106-PAI2127.; No.47.